Author(s): Cedric Aimal Edwin, Heather Web
This study explores organizational misconduct and human rights abuses within Pakistani SMEs, focusing on child labour, wage disparity, gender inequality, and nepotism. Through 40 in-depth interviews with stakeholders from manufacturing SMEs in Lahore and Karachi, findings reveal how unethical practices are socially constructed and normalized, especially through leadership influence. Corruption—including embezzlement, bribery, and favouritism—is rationalized by socio-cultural and economic pressures. Child labour perpetuates cycles of poverty, while wage disparity undermines morale and productivity. Gender biases hinder workplace equality, and nepotism erodes fairness. This study highlights the interconnectedness of organizational corruption, human rights abuses, and societal challenges, emphasizing the need for ethical leadership, strong regulatory frameworks, and transparency. Aligning practices with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) can help Pakistani SMEs foster a more equitable society.