Keywords

Structured Teaching Programme, Self-Employment, Unemployed Home Maker Women.

Introduction

Unemployment is a major social issue in India. According to the Indian government statistics September 2018, India had 31 million jobless people (Samrat Sharma., 2021). The uses of digital manufacturing and machinery in factories and garments are leading to unemployment in India. There are unemployment rates declined to 6.5% in January 2021.As the pandemic’s second catastrophic wave battered the country, unemployment shot up to 14.45 per cent in the week ending May 16, 2021 (Kumar C., 2021). Self-employment is, in fact, a crisis-driven response. Economists say the increase in self-employment has brought down unemployment rate. Looking at the socio-economic backgrounds of the self-employed, it is clear that this option attracts most of the small and marginal farmers and the landless. This is the group of people who form a bulk of the unemployed as well. Interestingly, more women are joining the self-employed group. There is a huge demand for employment. But people do not find jobs in rural areas as there are not enough productive livelihood sources. But you need employment for survival. This is where self-employment comes into play (Mahapatra, R).

Self -employment is an employment status, which refers to those who get some or all of their income through their own labour, Rather than selling their own labour to employers to obtain wage employment activities, is a result of employment choices. State and central government provide many schemes which help the people to become a self-employer. Saranya employment exchange scheme by Kerala government provide interest free loan up to Rs.50,000 is given for starting self -employment Ventures, out of which 50% is reimbursed as government subsidy and the repayment will be in 60 equal monthly instalment (Dominic Laing, 2011).The central government schemes that are promote women entrepreneurs which includes Annapurna Scheme, Sthree Shakti Package For Women Entrepreneurs, Cent Kalyani Scheme, Mudra Yojana Scheme etc (https://kswdc.org/department of social justice government of kerala/self- Employment for women)

The studies conducted in Europian union about the comparison of female and male self-employment rate and other job related statistical values shown that, there is a substantial gender gap in self-employment remains in the European Union (EU). Less than one in ten that is 9.6% working women were self-employed women in 2018, significantly below the share for men is 16.9%. Although this gender gap has closed slightly over the past decade, it is due to a decline in the number of self-employed men.

Indian employment status survey data show that in the 20 years from 1989 to 2009, rate of self-employed people including women and men is only 10%.In fact, many countries have developed policies to support self-employment, such as giving the unemployed groups start-up funds, giving preferential taxation policies, etc.in India and Kerala also had different schemes which support the self-employment activities (Europa.Eu, 2022). But there is no proper utilization of these schemes by the people which is clearly evident in 2011 census data. The data shows that average age of all female workers was 33.6 which is very short and the total number of female workers in India is 149.8 million Out of this 35.9million females are working as cultivators and another 61.5 million are agricultural labourers. Of the remaining female workers, 8.5 million are in Household (HH) Industry and 43.7 million are classified as other workers.

Recent studies by NITI Aayog have shown an increase in the ‘not-in-labour-force’ to population ratio for female. This ratio for the female belonging to agricultural labour, cultivators, and non-farm House Holders have increased by 8.49,6.05 and 4.63 percentage points between 2004-05 and 2011-12 (Gov. In, 2022). Quoting the periodic labour force survey, the Economic Review said female workforce participation rate in Kerala grew to 20.4 per cent in 2018-19 from 16.4 per cent in 2017- 18.They mainly involved in self- employment activities much more in agricultural field (Philip S., 2021). Indian Women received 12 weeks paid maternity leave. India has a young workforce and population. In the next ten years, with both younger people and women entering the workforce, India expects to add an additional 110 million people to its labour force. In the next 40 years, India is projected to add 424 million working-age adults.

There are lots of successful stories of independent women start-up to earn money. One of the example is Smt. Shije Varghese a home maker women from Eramalloor commenced mushroom cultivation as a leisure time activity almost 8years back. Now she Markets her mushroom under the brand name "coonfresh" which adorns the rack of many super markets in the city (Manorama, 2022). Investigator select this topic to conduct a research because still now there are lots of women are there without any money earning activity and they are fully dependent to their or husband’s family for their needs and the children needs including education, nutrition, recreations etc. Investigator chooses one self-employment idea that is mushroom cultivation which may be very helpful for unemployed home maker women to earn money as an income.

Statement of the Problem

“Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Self-Employment among Unemployed Home Maker Women in Selected Areas of Malappuram District With a View to Develop Video Assisted Teaching Module on Mushroom Cultivation”.

Objectives of the Study

• Assess the knowledge of unemployed home maker women regarding self-employment

• Assess the attitude of unemployed home maker women regarding self -employment.

• Assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding self-employment among unemployed home maker women.

• Assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on attitude regarding self-employment among unemployed home maker women.

• Assess the relationship between knowledge and attitude of unemployed home maker women regarding self –employment

• Find out the association between knowledge and selected demographic variables

• Find out the association between attitude and selected demographic variables

Hypothesis

H1: There is a significant increase in the mean pre-test knowledge score after the implementation of structured teaching programme.

H2: There is a significant increase in the mean pre-test attitude score after the implementation of structured teaching programme.

H3: There is an association between pre- test knowledge score and pre- test attitude score of unemployed home maker women regarding self –employment.

H4: There is an association between pre-test knowledge score and selected demographic variables.

H5: There is a relationship between pre- test attitude score and selected demographic variables.

Material and Methods

Ethics

Ethical clearance obtained from institutional ethical committee. Informed consent obtained from subjects. Assurance provided to the Samples that the data collected will be given adequate confidentiality and anonymity to avoid ethical dilemma.

Certificate of Ethical Committee

Study Design

Selection and Description of Participants:

The participants of the study are unemployed home maker women and the samples are selected by using convenient sampling method. And the study design was pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test research design.

Criteria for Sample Selection

Inclusion Criteria:

• Those who are willing to participate in this study

• Those who comprehend Malayalam language

Exclusion Criteria:

• Those who are already involving any money gaining activity.

• Those who are previously attend any training on self-employment

• Those who have family background of self-employment

• Unemployed home maker women who are chronically ill with physical or mental disabilities

Data Collection Process

Data collection was started by filling demographic Performa and pre-test assessment of knowledge and attitude regarding self–employment, on the same day structured teaching programme regarding self-employment was administered. After seven days the post-test assessment of knowledge and attitude regarding self-employment was conducted along with the video presentation on mushroom cultivation. Data collection was started on 14-03-22 and ended on 27-03-22. The researcher selected 2 Panchayths Angadippuram gramapanchayyth and Kuruva Grama panchayth.

Statistics

The data obtained will be analysing on the basis of the objectives of the study by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The plan for data analysis was as follows.

Distribution of Demographic Characteristics of Unemployed Home Maker Women

The Demographic variables of the participants includes Age in completed years, religion, education status, type of family ,marital status, number of children ,average monthly family income, the findings are presented in tables

Table 1 shows that Among 60 members 18 participants (30%) belong to the age group of 31-40 years and Nine participants(15%) belong to the age group of 51 -60 years.

Table 1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of age in Completed Years
Demographic variables	Frequency	Percentage
Age in completed years
21-30	17	28.30%
31-40	18	30%
41-50	16	26.70%
51-60	9	15%

Table 2 depicts , among the 60 sampes 46.7% of the participants have primary level education and 11.7% are uneducated.

Table 2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Samples based on Education
Demographic variables	Percentage
uneducated	11.70%
primary	46.70%
secondary	40%
Degree and above	1.60%

Table 3 shows that the majority of the participants that is 45 (75%) belong to 75% belong to Muslim religion and remaining 15 participants (25%) belong to Hindu religion.

Table 3 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Religion
Demographic variables	Frequency	Percentage
Religion
Hindu	15	25%
Muslim	45	75%

Table 4 shows that the majority of the participants 75% belong to the nuclear family and 23.3% belong to the joint family

Table 4 Percentage Distribution of Samples Based on Type of Family
Demographic variables	Percentage
Type of family
Nuclear	23.30%
	75%
joint
other	1.60%

Table 5 depicts that the majority of the participants 54 (90%) are married and Three members (5%) are widow and One (1.7%) person unmarried and Two (3.3%) are divorced.

Table 5 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Marital Status
Demographic variables	Frequency	Percentage
Marital status
Married	54	90%
Unmarried	1	1.70%
Widow	3	5%
Divorced	2	3.30%

Table 6 shows that 41.6% of the participants have 3 children and 18.3 % have 2 children 8.3%of the participants do not have children.

Table 6 Percentage Distribution of Samples Based on Number of children
Demographic variables	Percentage
None	8.30%
1	16.60%
2	18.35
3	41.60%
4 and above	15%

Table 7 shows that 28 (46.7%) participants have the average family income below 10,000/- and 12 (23.3%) participants have the family income of 10,001 -20,000/- and only One (1.7%) participant have the family income of 40,001-50,000.

Table 7 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Average Family Monthly Income
Demographic variables	Frequency	Percentage
Average monthly family income
Below 10,000	28	46.70%
10001-20000	12	20%
20,001-30,000	14	23.30%
30,001-40,000	5	8.30%
40,001-50,000	1	1.70%

Assessment Of Pre-Test And Post-Test Level Of Knowledge Of Unemployed Home Maker Women Regarding Self-Employment

Table 8 shows that the majority of the participants that is 49 (81.6%) have average knowledge regarding self-employment during pre – test assessment. Remaining 11 participants (18.3%) having poor knowledge scores regarding self-employment. The mean value of the pre – test knowledge regarding self-employment is 10.15 standard deviation is 2.922, mean percentage is 46.1% and the range is 4-15.

Table 8 Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, Mean Percentage and Range of Pre-Test Knowledge Scores of Unemployed Home Maker Women
Categorization of Knowledge scores	Frequency	Percentage	Mean	SD	Mean %	Range
Very good (22-16)	0	0
Average     (15-8)	49	81.60%	10.15	2.922	46.10%	15-20
Poor (0-7)	11	18.30%

Table 9 shows that the majority of the participants that is 45 (75%) have very good knowledge regarding self-employment during post – test assessment. Remaining 15 participants (25%) having average knowledge score regarding self-employment. The mean value of the post – test knowledge regarding self-employment is 17.13 standard deviation is 1.926, mean percentage is 77.8% and the range is 12-20.

Table 9 Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, Mean Percentage and Range of Post-Test Knowledge Scores of Unemployed Home Maker Women
Categorization of Knowledge scores	Frequency	Percentage	Mean	SD	Mean %	Range
Very good (22-16)	45	75%
Average     (15-8)	15	25.00%	17.13	1.926	77.80%	15-20
Poor (0-7)

Assessment Of Pre-Test And Post-Test Level Of Attitude Score Of Unemployed Home Maker Women Regarding Self-Employment

Table 10 shows that the majority of the participants , 37 (61.7%) , have an average favorable attitude towards self-employment during post – test assessment. Remaining 23 participants (38.3%) having neutral attitude score towards self-employment.The mean value of the post – test attitude towards self-employment is 61.45 standard deviation is 5.858, mean percentage is 68.2% and the range is 40-72.

Table 10 Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, Mean Percentage and Range Of Pre-Test Attitude Scores of Unemployed Home Maker Women Towards Self-Employment
Categorization of Attitude scores	Frequency	Percentage	Mean	SD	Mean %	Range
Favourable (90-60)	37	62%
Neutral       (59-30)	23	38.30%	61.45	5.858	68.20%	40-72
Unfavourable (below 29)	0

Table 11 shows that all participants that are 60 (100 %) have a favorable attitude towards self- employment during post – test assessment. The mean value of the post – test attitude towards self-employment is 70.55standard deviation is 4.339 mean percentage is 78.3% and the range is 62-82.

Table 11 Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, Mean Percentage and Range of Post-Test Attitude Scores of Unemployed Home Maker Women Towards Self-Employment
Categorization of Attitude scores	Frequency	Percentage	Mean	SD	Mean %	Range
Favourable (90-60)	60	100%
Neutral       (59-30)	--	--	70.55	4.339	78.30%	68-82
Unfavourable (below 29)	--	--

Analysis Of Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Programme On Knowledge Of Unemployed Home Maker Women Regarding Self-Employment

Table 12 shows that the mean and standard deviation scores of pre-test knowledge score was 10.15 and 2.922 respectively .The mean and standard deviation scores of post-test knowledge score are 17.13 and 1.926 respectively. The paired t value was 19.74 and it was statistically significant at 0.05 levels with a p value of 0.000. Hence the research hypothesis H 1 accepted it indicate that there is significant difference in mean pre-test knowledge score and post-test knowledge score after the implementation of structured teaching programme for unemployed home maker women.

Table 12 Mean, Mean Difference, Standard Deviation and ‘T’ Value Between the Pre-Test and Post-Test Knowledge Scores of Samples
	Mean	Mean Difference	SD	df	t'	p value
Pre-test	10.15	-6.98	2.922	59	19.74	0.000***
Post-test	17.13		1.926
Source: Significant at 0.05 level

Analysis Of Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Programme On Attitude Of Unemployed Home Maker Women Regarding Self-Employment

Table 13 shows that the mean and standard deviation scores of pre-test attitude score was 61.45 and 5.858 respectively .The mean and standard deviation scores of post-test attitude score are 70.55 and 4.339 respectively. The paired t value was 12.98 and it was statistically significant at 0.05 level with a p value of 0.000 .Hence the research hypothesis H 2 accepted it indicate there is significant difference in mean pretest attitude score and post-test attitude score after the implementation of structured teaching programme unemployed homemaker women.

Table 13 Mean, Mean Difference, Standard Deviation and ‘T’ Value Between the Pre-Test and Post-Test Attitude Scores of Samples
	Mean	Mean Difference	SD	df	t'	p value
Pre-test	61.45	-9.10	5.858	59	12.98	0.000***
Post-test	70.55		4.339
Source: Significant at 0.05 level

Association of Knowledge Regarding Self-Employment And Selected Demographic Variables Of Unemployed Home Maker Women

Association of Pre-test Knowledge Score and Demographic Variables.

Table (Table 14, Table 15, and Table 16) depicts the chi-square value of demographic variables with a greater p values than 0.05 level. Hence it was statistically not significant and it implies that there was no association between pre-test knowledge score and demographic variables except marital status. Then chi-square value of Marital status was 11.52 with a p value of 0.009 which was lower than 0.05.Hence it was statistically significant and it implies that there was an association between pre-test knowledge score and marital status of the unemployed home maker women.

Table 14 Association of Pre-Test Knowledge Score and Age in Completed Years and Education Status
Demographic variables	Pre-test knowledge score		chi square	df	p value
	Average Knowledge	Poor Knowledge
Age in Completed Years
21-30	2	15
31-40	2	16
41-50	4	12	2.94	3	0.4
51-60	3	3
Education status
Uneducated	0	7
Primary level	9	19
Secondary level	2	22	6.97	3	0.073
Graduation and above	0	1

Table 15 Association of Pre-Test Knowledge Score and Religion, Type of Family, Marital Status
Demographic variables	Pre-test knowledge score		chi square	df	p value
	Average Knowledge	Poor Knowledge
Religion
Hindu	3	12
Muslim	8	37	0.04	1	0.847
Type of family	4	12
Nuclear	8	36
Joint	3	12	0.25	2	0.881
Other	0	1
Marital status	9	19
Married	7	47
Unmarried	1	0	11.52	3	0.009
Widow	2	1
Divorced	1	1

Table 16 Association of Pre-Test Knowledge Score and Number of Children, Average Monthly Family Income
Demographic variables	Pre-test knowledge score		chi square	df	p value
Number of children	Average Knowledge	Poor Knowledge
None	3	2	6.85	4	0.144
1	2	8
2	1	10
3	4	21
4 and Above	1	8
Average monthly family income
Below 10,000	5	23	1.8	4	0.773
10001-20000	3	9
20,001-30,000	3	11
30,001-40,000	0	5
40,001-50,000	0	1

Association Of Attitude Towards Self-Employment And Selected Demographic Variables Of Unemployed Home Maker Women

Association of Pre-test Attitude Score and Demographic Variables.

Table (Table 17, Table 18, and Table 19) depicts the association of demographic variables and pre- test attitude scores. The chi-square value of demographic variables with a greater p values than 0.05 levels that is it was statistically not significant .Hence the research hypothesis H 4 is rejected, and it implies that there was no association between pre-test attitude score and demographic variables.

Table 17 Association of Pre-Test Attitude Score and age in Completed Years and Educational Status
Demographic variables	Pre-test knowledge score		chi square	df	p value
Age in Completed Years	Favourable Attitude	Neutral Attitude
21-30	14	3	3.52	3	0.318
31-40	15	3
41-50	16	0
51-60	7	2
Education status
Uneducated	5	2	2.72	3	0.437
Primary level	26	2
Secondary level	20	4
Graduation and above	1	0

Table 18 Association of Pre-Test Attitude Score and Religion and Type of Family and Marital Status
Demographic variables	Pre-test knowledge score		chi square	df	p value
	Favourable Attitude	Neutral Attitude
Religion
Hindu	12	3	0.77	1	0.38
Muslim	40	5
Type of family
Nuclear	38	6	0.16	2	0.924
Joint	13	2
Other	1	0
Marital status
Married	47	7	1.51	3	0.681
Unmarried	1	0
Widow	2	1
Divorced	2	0

Table 19 Association of Pre-Test Attitude Score and Number of Children and Average Monthly Family Income
Demographic variables	Pre-test Attitude score		chi square	df	p value
	Favourable Attitude	Neutral Attitude
Number of children
None	4	1	2.75	4	0.6
1	9	1
2	11	0
3	21	4
4 and above	7	2
Average monthly family income
Below 10,000	25	3	5.17	4	0.27
10001-20000	12	0
20,001-30,000	10	4
30,001-40,000	4	1
40,001-50,000	1	0

Correlation Between Knowledge And Attitude Scores Of Unemployed Home Maker Women Regarding Self-Employment

Table 20 and Figure 1 shows that the correlation between knowledge and attitude is 0.486. It indicates that there is a knowledge increase with favorable attitude and the knowledge decrease with unfavorable attitude positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores of unemployed homemaker women regarding self-employment. Hence the research hypothesis H 5 is accepted.

Table 20 Correlation between Knowledge and Attitude Scores of Unemployed Home Maker Women Regarding Self-Employment
Variables	Mean	SD	Karl Pearson correlation	p value
Knowledge	10.15	2.922	0.486	<0.001**
Attitude	61.45	5.858
Source: Significant at 0.05 level

Results

The results of the study are presented in the following sections:

Section A:

Distribution of Demographic Characteristics of Unemployed Home Maker Women

• Age wise distribution of the samples shows that 18 participants (30%) are belongs to the age group of 31-40 years and 9 participants (15%) are belongs to the age group of 51 -60 years.

• Education wise distribution of the samples shows that 28 (46.7%) participants have primary level education and 7 (11.7%) members are uneducated 24 (40%) participants have secondary level education and 1(1.6%) person have degree and above level of education.

• Marital status wise distribution of the samples shows 54 (90%) are married and 1 (1.7%) person unmarried and 3 (5%) are widow and 2 (3.30%) are divorced.

• Among 60 participants 25(41.6%) participants have 3 children and 11 (8.3%) participants have 2 children.

• Annual income wise distribution of the samples shows 28 (46.7%) are have the average family income below 10,000/- and 12 (20%) participants have the family income of 10,001 -20,000/-

Section B:

Assessment of Pre-Test and Post-Test Level of Knowledge of Unemployed Home Maker Women Regarding Self-Employment

• Pre-test assessment of knowledge : Among 60 participants 81.6% of members have average level of knowledge and remaining 18.3% have poor

• Post-test assessment of knowledge: Among 60 participants 75% have very good knowledge regarding self-employment and 25% having average knowledge score regarding self-employment.

Section C:

Assessment of Pre-Test and Post-Test Level of Attitude Score of Unemployed Home Maker Women Regarding Self-Employment

• Pre-test assessment of attitude: 61.7% have favourable attitude towards self-employment. Remaining 23 participants (38.3%) having neutral attitude score towards self-employment.

• Post-test assessment of attitude: 100 % have favourable attitude towards self-employment.

Section D:

Analysis of effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge of unemployed home maker women regarding self-employment

• The paired t value was 19.74 and it was statistically significant at 0.05 level with a p value of 0.000 and it indicate there is significant difference in mean pre-test knowledge score and post-test knowledge score after the implementation of structured teaching programme for unemployed home maker women.

Section E:

Analysis of Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Attitude of Unemployed Home Maker Women Regarding Self-Employment

• The paired t value was 12.98 and it was statistically significant at 0.05 level with a p value of 0.000 and it indicate there is significant difference in mean pre-test attitude score and post-test attitude score after the implementation of structured teaching programme unemployed home maker women.

Section F:

Association of Knowledge Regarding Self-Employment and Selected Demographic Variables of Unemployed Home Maker Women

• Association of demographic variables and pre- test knowledge score. The chi-square value of demographic variables with a greater p values than 0.05 level. Hence it was statistically not significant and it implies that there was no association between pre-test knowledge score and demographic variables except marital status. The chi-square value of Marital status was 11.52 with a p value of 0.009 which was lower than 0.05 .Hence it was statistically significant and it implies that there was an association between pre-test knowledge score and marital status.

Section G:

Association of Attitude Towards Self-Employment And Selected Demographic Variables of Unemployed Home Maker Women

• Association of demographic variables and pre- test attitude score. The chi-square value of demographic variables with a greater p values than 0.05 level. Hence it was statistically not significant and it implies that there was no association between pre-test attitude score and demographic variables.

Section H:

Correlation between knowledge and attitude scores of unemployed home maker women regarding self-employment

• The correlation between knowledge and attitude is 0.486 there is significant but medium correlation between knowledge and attitude and it is a positive correlation that is increase in knowledge with favourable attitude and the knowledge decrease with negative attitude.

Discussion

Summary of Key Findings

Discussion on Knowledge of Unemployed Home Maker Women Regarding Self-Employment.

The study revealed that knowledge scores of unemployed home maker women regarding self-employment out of 60 participants 81.6% had average level of knowledge and 18.3% had poor knowledge and nobody had good level of knowledge.

The present study was in tune with the study to assess the knowledge score of rural women regarding self-employment opportunities in Vishakhapatnam , Andrapradesh .Total 120 rural women are participated in the study out of this 49.17% of rural women had medium knowledge,40.83% had low knowledge, and 10% had high knowledge (Ayalew, M. M., & Zeleke, S. A., 2018)

Discussion on Attitude of Unemployed Home Maker Women Regarding Self-Employment.

The study revealed that attitude scores of unemployed home maker women regarding self-employment out of 60 participants 61.7% had favourable attitude and 38.3% had neutral attitude and nobody had unfavourable attitudes.

The present study was tune with the study to assess the attitude score among engineering students in Ethiopia towards self-employment .The result shows that from 921 participants 57.4% of the students have favourable attitude towards self-employment. While 42.6% have unfavourable attitude (Liu X, Lin C, Zhao G & Zhao D., 2019)

Discussion on Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude among Unemployed Home Maker Women Regarding Self-Employment

The study revealed that mean and standard deviation of knowledge score of unemployed home maker women regarding self-employment (10.15 ± 2.922) .The paired t value of the participants was 19.74 with a p value 0.000 .The mean and standard deviation of attitude score of unemployed home maker women regarding self-employment (61.45 ± 5.858) .The paired t value of the participants was 12.98 with a p value 0.000 which is highly significant at 0.05 level. It indicate that planned teaching programme was effective in improving knowledge and attitude of unemployed home maker women regarding self-employment.

The present study was tune with the study to assess the effect of entrepreneurial education training on entrepreneurial intension. The mean and standard deviation of knowledge score is (21.12 ± 3.70) .The paired t value of the participants was 8.97 with a p<0.05 .The mean and standard deviation of attitude score of unemployed home maker women regarding self-employment (51.50 ± 12.69) .The paired t value of the participants was 13.45 with a p<0.05.It indicate that entrepreneurial education programme has effective in improving knowledge and attitude of students in different educational context (Do Paço A, Ferreira JM, Raposo M, Rodrigues RG & Dinis A.,2015)

Discussion on correlation between the attitude and knowledge and attitude of unemployed homemaker women regarding self-employment.

The study revealed that there is a positive correlation found between knowledge and attitude score of unemployed home maker women regarding self-employment with a value 0.486.p<0.000

The present study was tune with the study to assess the educational training and entrepreneurial intension.181 students are the participants of the study and the result shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the attitudinal factors and knowledge factors with a value 0.532 p<0.001(Suneetha B, Jyothi V)

Interpretation and Implication

Nursing Practice

• Nurse is a change agent, and economic dependence is the root cause of womenabuse hence they can create an awareness regarding selfemployment among women.

• A community health nurse can utilize the study finding to provide awareness for the community

Nursing Education

• As a community health service ,in collaboration with regulatory bodies the institution can conduct training programmes for the public regarding self- employment

• Add women empowerment and self-employment in nursing curriculum

Nursing Administration

• Nurse administrator can organize self-employment training and awareness in the community.

• Ensure the availability of self-employment related journals and articles.

Nursing Research

• More research can be done in different group of samples to improve the employment status

• Nurse researcher can include interventions related to self-employment for more effective impact on unemployment

Limitations

• The study samples are small hence wide generalization is difficult

• Sampling technique limits the generalizability with the research findings

• Standardized tool were not available hence the researcher constructed the tools for the purpose of the study

Future research directions

• A similar study can be replicated in a large sample to generalize the study findings

• Interventions like Vocational training or skill training can be given to the group which is more effective.

• The study can be replicated among other group of individuals

• The number of research study is very less regarding this topic hence more studies can be recommended

References

Ayalew, M. M., & Zeleke, S. A. (2018). Modeling the impact of entrepreneurial attitude on self-employment intention among engineering students in Ethiopia. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 7(1), 1-27.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

Do Paço, A., Ferreira, J. M., Raposo, M., Rodrigues, R. G., & Dinis, A. (2015). Entrepreneurial intentions: is education enough?. International entrepreneurship and management journal, 11, 57-75.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

Dominic Laing. Self-employment.Natioanal centre for entrepreneur ship Education.2011(Citedmarch24)from https://www.ed.ac.uk/files/imports/fileManager/AGCAS%20Self employment.pdf

Europa.Eu.citedfebruary20,2022)fromhttps://www.ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products/Eurostanews/women\9.Census.gov.citedfebruary132022,)fromhttps://www.census.gov/library/publications/1998/demo/wid98-1

Gov.In.(citedmarch242022,)fromhttp://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/202204/Discussion_Paper_on_Workforce_05042022.pdf

Here’s how a housewife’s love for mushrooms made her an entrepreneur. On Manorama.(Citedfebruary20,2022)

https://kswdc.org/department of social justice government of kerala/self-employment for women

Kumar, C. (2021, February 15). India’s unemployment rate drops to 6.5% in January; employment rate surges to 37.9%: CMIE. Business Today. (Cited march 24)

Liu, X., Lin, C., Zhao, G., & Zhao, D. (2019). Research on the effects of entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on college students’ entrepreneurial intention. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 869.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

Mahapatra, R.(n.d.). Self (UN) employment. Org.In

Maternity and Work. (n.d.). WageIndicator Subsite Collection. Retrieved September 20, 2022.

Philip, S. (2021, January 15). Economic review: Women’s participation in economic activities up in Kerala. The Indian Express.

Samrat Sharma (21 June 2021). India's job market improves as virus ebbs. India Today. (cited 24 march) 2022

Suneetha, B., & Jyothi, V. Knowledge of Rural Women on Self-employment Opportunities in Visakhapatnam District of Andhra Pradesh.

Google Scholar

The advantages of self-employed commerce essay.(2022, march 29). Ukessays.com; UK Essays.

Received: 28-Aug-2023, Manuscript No. AEJ-23-14044; Editor assigned: 31-Aug-2023, PreQC No. AEJ-23-14044(PQ); Reviewed: 14-Sep-2023, QC No. AEJ-23-14044; Revised: 20-Sep-2023, Manuscript No. AEJ-23-14044(R); Published: 27-Sep-2023