Strategic decision-making is one of the most critical determinants of long-term organizational success. It refers to the process by which top management identifies major objectives, evaluates strategic alternatives, and selects courses of action that shape the direction, structure, and competitiveness of organizations. In an increasingly volatile business environment characterized by digital transformation, globalization, regulatory complexity, and evolving market demands, strategic decisions have become more complex yet more consequential. This article explores the theoretical foundations, practical frameworks, and organizational factors that influence effective strategic decision-making. Emphasis is placed on analytical tools, leadership cognition, innovation adoption, risk assessment, ethical judgment, and data-driven insights. The study concludes that organizations which integrate structured decision processes with adaptive leadership practices demonstrate superior resilience, operational performance, and sustainable competitive advantage.